Problem tree

Problem tree analysis is a participatory tool that assists in analysing an existing situation by identifying the major problems and their main causal relationships. It helps stakeholders to establish a more realistic (over)view and awareness of the problem present in the community, by identifying the fundamental causes and effects. It supports (project) planners to identify clear and manageable goals and strategies to achieve them. The main output is a tree-shaped diagram in which the trunk represents the focal problem, the roots represent its causes and the branches its effect. Such problem tree diagram creates a logical hierarchy of causes and effects and visualizes the links between them. This technique helps to understand the context and interrelationships of problems, and the potential impacts when targeting projects and programs toward specific issues. The method can be useful in building a community’s awareness of the problem, how they contribute to the problem and how it affects their lives. The use of problem tree tool is recommended at the beginning of the planning processes, when designing a project and when identifying core issues (and their root problems). The main value of this type of assessment is the greatest when carried out in a workshop setting with (local) stakeholders – this enables a shared view of the situation. It is best carried out in a small group of people (about six to eight but not more than 25 participants), using visual techniques, such as flip chart paper or colour cards. If the tool is used in a participatory way, it can contribute many benefits to the development process: it helps to address the real needs of the stakeholders; it can help to break the problem into manageable units; it helps to get a better understanding of the problem; it can help to identify who are the relevant political actors; the process of analysis can help build a shared sense of understanding and purpose. The tool is, however, the best when used with other tools, such as objectives tree.